Film Reviews Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films, individually and collectively. In general, this can be divided into journalistic criticism that appears regularly in newspapers, and other popular, mass-media outlets and academic criticism by film scholars that is informed by film theory and published in journals. The impact of reviews on a film's box office performance and DVD rentals/sales is a matter of debate. Some claim movie marketing is so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, the failure of some heavily-promoted movies (such as Alexander) that were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies (such as Pulp Fiction) indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others note positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Major box-office analysis websites like Box Office Prophets and Box Office Guru regularly factor in general film review opinions in their projections of a film's earnings. Studios respect the clout of reviewers. There have been several films in which film companies have so little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film (such as The Avengers). However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing. Such films often do poorly as a result. Some websites, such as Rotten Tomatoes and Metacritic, seek to improve the usefulness of film reviews by compiling them and assigning a score to each in order to gauge the general reception a film receives. The Online Film Critics Society, an international professional association of Internet-based cinema reviewers, consists of writers from all over the world. wikiFilm Reviews
film school A film school is a generic term for any educational institution dedicated to teaching moviemaking, including, but not limited to, film production, theory, and writing for the screen. Usually hands on technical training is incorporated as part of the curriculum, such as learning how to use cameras, light meters and other equipment. Most schools are tied to existing colleges and universities, often in art or communication departments. Some are privately owned and not tied to universities, such as technical schools offering associate degrees. The rapid rise of independent filmmaking and digital video have changed this debate somewhat, as anyone with a few thousand dollars can shoot their own film (and some have done so quite successfully) with little formal knowledge of the industry. Thus, it can be argued that the high cost of attending a film school can now be spent on making films and learning through practical experience. Others argue that film school is important because it builds on the knowledge and experience of others, allows students to develop their skills under the guidance of professional instructors, and affords students the opportunity to network and connect with others interested in filmmaking, as well as with those who may eventually offer them careers in the industry. One example is that the more prestigious schools allow their students to showcase work in film festivals near the end of the semester for film producers and executives. wikifilm school
Film Stock The distinction between camera stocks and print stocks involves a difference in the recording process. When the work print or edit master has been approved, the original camera negative (OCN) is assembled by a negative cutter using the edited work print or EDL (edit decision list) as a guide. An answer print is then made from the cut negative. During the answer print stage, corrections in the film's density and color are corrected (timed) to the filmmakers' tastes. Interpositive (IP) prints are struck from the answerprint, checked to make sure they look the same as the custom timed answer print and each IP is then used to make one or more Dupe Negative (DN) copies. The release prints are then generated from the DN(s). Recently, with the development of digital intermediate (DI), it has become possible to completely edit, composite visual effects, and color grade the image digitally at full resolution and bit-depth. In this workflow, the answer print is generated digitally and then written out to the IP stage using a laser film printer.
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